What is appendix disease?
The appendix is a small, finger-shaped pouch of tissue that is located at the junction of the small and large intestines, typically on the right side of the lower abdomen. It is part of the digestive system, but its function is not well understood. While it was previously thought to be a vestigial organ with no significant purpose, more recent research suggests it may play a role in immune function and maintaining gut flora.
Appendicitis is a medical condition that occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and infected. This inflammation can be caused by a blockage of the appendix, often due to the presence of fecal material, foreign bodies, or lymphoid tissue. When the appendix is blocked, bacteria can multiply within it, leading to infection, swelling, and pain. If left untreated, an inflamed appendix can rupture, causing a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.
Common symptoms of appendicitis include:
- Abdominal pain: The most common symptom of appendicitis is pain that typically starts around the navel and then moves to the lower right side of the abdomen. The pain may become more intense and localized in the lower right abdomen over time.
- Loss of appetite: People with appendicitis often experience a reduced appetite and may not want to eat.
- Nausea and vomiting: Nausea and vomiting may accompany the abdominal pain.
- Fever: An elevated body temperature is a sign of infection, and a fever may develop in cases of appendicitis.
- Diarrhea or constipation: Some individuals with appendicitis may experience changes in bowel habits.
Diagnosis of appendicitis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies such as an ultrasound or CT scan abdomen and pelvis. If appendicitis is suspected, surgery to remove the inflamed appendix, known as an appendectomy, is usually performed. It is important to remove the appendix promptly to prevent it from rupturing. Laparoscopic removal of the appendix is now the gold standard and safe procedure.
Appendicitis is a common emergency surgical condition, and prompt medical attention is crucial to avoid complications. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms suggestive of appendicitis, seek medical care immediately. Left untreated, a ruptured appendix can lead to peritonitis, a severe abdominal cavity infection, which can be life-threatening.
Author :- Dr Harshad N Soni
MS, FIAGES- Consultant GI & Laparoscopic Surgeon
Kaizen Hospital
